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Como a Internet das coisas mudará o preço das coisas

por David Langkamp, Apenas Schürmann, Thomas Schollmeyer, Rolf Kilian, Amadeus petzke, John Pineda e Jean-Manuel Izaret
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T= O número de "coisas" interconectado on-line superará a população humana em uma margem de três para um até 2020, segundo o Gartner. De casas de bonecas a máquinas de lavar a pílulas, robôs e carros, essas coisas carregarão e baixam ricos fluxos de dados cujo valor poderia um dia atingir centenas de bilhões de dólares. Eles precisarão redefinir quem são seus clientes e como esses clientes valorizam os serviços orientados a dados. Eles precisarão adotar modelos de preços não convencionais em seus setores - modelos que podem acomodar vários níveis de preços e frequências de pagamento. E eles precisarão mudar de uma abordagem baseada em ciclos de vida discretos do produto para um com base em um fluxo contínuo de inovação de serviço orientada a dados.

Traditional product manufacturers face new and complex challenges in monetizing the services made possible by “smart” products. They will need to redefine who their customers are and how those customers value data-driven services. They will need to adopt pricing models unconventional in their industries—models that can accommodate various price levels and payment frequencies. And they will need to change from an approach based on discrete product life cycles to one based on a continual flow of data-driven service innovation.

Traditional product manufacturers will need to redefine who their customers are and how those customers value data-driven services.

Para conseguir isso, uma empresa deve responder a quatro perguntas que possuem um anel familiar, mas exigem informações fundamentalmente diferentes daquelas em que a empresa confiou.

The answers to those questions help companies determine the nature, size, feasibility, and pricing models of IoT services.

Who Are Our Customers, and How Do They Value Our IoT Services?

Think about light bulbs. Consumers who buy “dumb” bulbs use them until they burn out and then replace them. A “smart” light bulb, however, acts as a node in a network rather than as a glass and metal object screwed into a socket. As consumers learn to manage their lighting environment and their usage on connected devices, application programming interfaces (APIs) enable software developers to create new use cases, such as automated on/off and dimming, and connection to music devices. In this spirit, the Dutch technology company Philips Lighting launched a “personal wireless lighting system” called Hue, whose API has led to an ecosystem of applications to improve the user experience.

IoT services create flows of value in a network rather than along a traditional value chain. In a network, it is harder but no less essential to define who creates value for customers, who creates value at other nodes in the network, and who derives that value. Smart bulbs transform consumers from occasional, anonymous buyers of light bulbs into consumers of connected lighting. If consumers opt in to the network, their usage data can yield insights that are valuable not only to the light bulb provider but also to other firms within the broader network, which could include utilities, interior designers, and consumer electronics firms. The challenge is to figure out how valuable the IoT data is to each of these potential customers.

Smart bulbs transform consumers from occasional, anonymous buyers of light bulbs into consumers of connected lighting.

As empresas B2B precisam pensar tão amplamente sobre seus clientes em potencial. Essas são as empresas que não são vendidas diretamente aos consumidores, mas cujos produtos tornam os outros produtos inteligentes. Pense em uma empresa que equipa os carros de passageiros com sensores que detectam e transmitem informações detalhadas e em tempo real sobre as condições da estrada. Se o fornecedor do sensor coleta e analisar esses milhões de pontos de dados, poderá oferecer serviços valiosos a qualquer número de clientes.

Identificar os clientes em potencial não é necessariamente uma questão direta. Um grupo de clientes pode ser as empresas que gerenciam as armas de arados de neve e caminhões de sal que levam às estradas todo inverno. Um serviço prestado pelo fornecedor de sensores poderia ajudar os gerentes de frota a direcionar esses caminhões para os locais mais arriscados em tempo real com precisão de identificação, economizando muito dinheiro. Outros clientes em potencial podem incluir serviços de emergência e meios de comunicação. A empresa também pode fazer parceria com outros fornecedores de dados (como fornecedores de informações de tráfego) para criar um serviço ainda mais valioso. O fornecedor de sensores também pode olhar para um Modelo B2C , oferecendo um serviço aos motoristas em tempo real, diretamente ou através de uma parceria com uma empresa com um relacionamento estabelecido com o motorista. Essas e outras interações em potencial são mostradas no Anexo 1.

Identificar os clientes em potencial para serviços de IoT não é necessariamente uma questão direta.

The value of an IoT service can differ significantly by customer and use case, even if the underlying data stream is identical. These differences drive willingness to pay. Companies need to examine and quantify each use case thoroughly to identify and understand current and future target customers, and then design, package, and price services specifically for them.

Knowing the nature of the use cases, the direct and indirect customers for them, and their estimated value is the critical first step. These results may tempt a company to move straight to the ultimate pricing question: How much should we charge? The correct second step, however, is to remove the word “much” from that question and focus instead on “how.”

What Are the Appropriate Pricing Models?

Many companies underestimate the importance of the question, “How should we charge?” Traditional manufacturers will be most familiar with the one-off payment, which is common for durable goods. In this pricing model, the product makes its way from manufacturer to end user through one-time transactions. Products sold under this model tend to be repaired or replaced, rather than enhanced. If this pricing model were applied to IoT services, the consumer would pay a one-time access fee for data or information. This would be analogous to an extended warranty, under which customers make one payment for predefined services they can use, if and when certain conditions apply.

While this pricing model makes perfect sense for products made in a conventional “product-parts-maintenance” business model, it is not well suited to IoT services. For those services, the most common pricing models are subscriptions, pay per use, and value sharing.                                           

A company may use several pricing models for IoT services in parallel to address different customer groups, similar to mobile data plans that include flat rates and pay-per-use options. To determine which pricing models are appropriate, a company needs to delve into what its customers, suppliers, and other potential partners think about the use cases. Opting for subscription models is often the clear choice at first glance. But the transition to a model based on recurring revenue streams might be anything but smooth for a firm accustomed to one-off payments. Will customers accept subscriptions? Will they insist on owning products? How should services be bundled? Should the firm use a universal flat rate or graduated plans, as mobile phone companies do?

Just as manufacturers and dealers are accustomed to one form of payment (traditionally a one-off payment), customers are conditioned to expect that as well. Nudging them to a new model takes time and effort, and places great importance on customers’ ability to understand the model. Subscription models also demand a different level of performance. How well can a firm accustomed to occasional and infrequent interactions with customers serve the “always on” customer?

Finally, for many durable goods, such as cars, the dealer or retailer sells the product independently of the OEM. What incentive do individual dealers or retailers have to sell additional services on subscription when that revenue flows to the OEM or a third party, not to them?

Quanto devemos cobrar? O preço também pode ser dinâmico, pois pode mudar continuamente ou, à medida que o serviço atinge diferentes estágios em seu ciclo de vida. Essa rede melhora o volume e a riqueza dos dados, expande o mercado de serviços com base nela e estabelece barreiras à entrada. Definir preços comparativamente baixos no início do ciclo de vida ajuda uma empresa a penetrar rapidamente no mercado. No outro lado, no entanto, se o modelo de preços for inadequado ou os níveis de preços estiverem muito baixos nessa fase de penetração, a empresa corre o risco de transformar uma oportunidade lucrativa em um conjunto de promessas insustentáveis ​​que se tornam um dreno em recursos. Uma mistura de métodos estabelecidos de pesquisa de mercado fornece o entendimento mais profundo. A introdução de serviços de IoT - dado sua variedade, complexidade e novidade - é de vital importância se envolver com clientes em potencial precocemente e frequentemente na fase de desenvolvimento. Essas reações iniciais do cliente moldam os testes de conceito e impulsionam refinamentos para os serviços e os modelos de preços muito antes do lançamento do produto.

Setting a price point for IoT services is a critical strategic decision, because the price point inevitably creates tension between the goals of market penetration and of revenue maximization. The price point may also be dynamic, in that it can change continually or as the service reaches different stages in its life cycle.

The greater the speed of market penetration, the larger the company’s network of customers and data becomes. This network improves the volume and richness of data, expands the market for services based on it, and establishes barriers to entry. Setting comparatively low prices in the beginning of the life cycle helps a company penetrate the market quickly. On the flipside, however, if the pricing model is inappropriate or price levels are too low in this penetration phase, the company risks turning a lucrative opportunity into a set of unsustainable promises that become a drain on resources.

The necessary analysis for price setting focuses on understanding the monetary value customers place on various services and how urgently and frequently they would use them. A mix of established market research methods provides the deepest understanding.

Manufacturing companies tend to have more of an inward focus than a customer-centric one. To introduce IoT services—given their variety, complexity, and novelty—it is vitally important to engage with potential customers early and often in the development phase. These initial customer reactions shape concept testing and drive refinements to the services and the pricing models long before the product is launched.

To introduce IoT services, it is vitally important to engage with potential customers early and often in the development phase.

Grupos focais ou workshops realizados em plataformas de inteligência artificial se mostraram muito eficazes para obter essas idéias; Essas plataformas reúnem centenas de clientes em potencial, independentemente de sua localização. As sessões revelam as prioridades dos clientes e as alternativas de serviço preferidas, expressas em seu idioma e impulsionadas por suas necessidades. Entrevistas com especialistas do setor fornecem contexto adicional sobre os drivers de valor, a viabilidade de alternativas e o valor que os clientes atribuem a diferentes usos. Essa mistura de preço e apelo é indispensável para validar a atratividade de um serviço e avaliar os preços.

Indirect quantitative methods (such as conjoint measurement) as well as direct price-testing methods (such as van Westendorp and Gabor-Granger) draw out how much customers are willing to pay for various alternatives. Interviews with industry experts provide additional context on the value drivers, the feasibility of alternatives, and the value customers place on different uses.

All of this information flows into an economic benefit analysis that yields estimates of sales volumes, revenue, and profit under various pricing and variable-cost scenarios for a service. This mix of price and appeal is indispensable for validating the attractiveness of a service and assessing price points.

Moving Fast and Smart on Pricing IoT Services

O sucesso no lançamento de serviços de IoT requer um equilíbrio entre mover -se rapidamente e mover inteligente. As empresas devem ter os seguintes pontos em mente, pois exploram como capturar sua parcela de valor dos Serviços da IoT:

Monetizing IoT services represents an opportunity no company can afford to ignore. How well a company seizes it will depend on its imagination, willingness, and ability to look beyond existing business models and ideas about whom the company serves. Traditional manufacturers are being compelled to move into an entirely new world. It’s an exciting opportunity—one that requires companies to rethink many of the questions they have long taken for granted.

Authors

Managing Director & Partner

David Langkamp

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
Hamburgo

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior

= Apenas Schürmann

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior
Munique

Líder do projeto

Thomas Schollmeyer

Líder do projeto
Berlim

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior

Rolf Kilian

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior
Stuttgart

Alumnus

Amadeus Petzke

Alumnus

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro

John Pineda

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
São Francisco - Área da Baía

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior; Líder global, prática de marketing, vendas e preços

Jean-Manuel Izaret

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior; Líder global, prática de marketing, vendas e preços
São Francisco - Área da Baía

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