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Como as empresas de energia podem se organizar para a era de baixo carbono

por Ilshat haris, Rebecca Fitz, Emmanuel Ricolfi, Yudhveer Thakkar e Chukwudi udeani
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Empresas que historicamente se concentraram na produção de petróleo e gás podem desenvolver seus negócios para enfrentar os desafios da rede de zero.

As the race to net zero accelerates, Soluções de baixo carbono (LCS) estão rapidamente se tornando a principal oportunidade de crescimento principal para empresas que historicamente se concentraram na produção de petróleo e gás (O&G). Segundo a Agência Internacional de Energia, permanecer no caminho certo para líquido zero exigirá US $ 21 trilhões em investimento de capital até 2030 . As empresas que possuem os recursos certos em vigor que se beneficiam bastante. Essas ofertas se enquadram em seis categorias: hidrogênio e amônia; captura de carbono, utilização e armazenamento (CCUs); bioenergia; mobilidade verde e armazenamento elétrico da bateria; tecnologias de descarbonização; e poder renovável. A análise da BCG dos maiores players descobriu que empresas integradas de energia (IECs), supermaijoras, empresas internacionais de petróleo (IOCs) e empresas nacionais de petróleo (NOCs) estão entrando no jogo.

LCS are products, services, and technologies that have a limited carbon footprint and can serve as alternative energy sources or tools for decarbonizing operations and consumption. These offerings fall into six categories: hydrogen and ammonia; carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS); bioenergy; green mobility and battery electric storage; decarbonization technologies; and renewable power.

The opportunity has not escaped O&G companies, which are increasingly developing LCS to diversify their operations and ensure future revenue generation. BCG’s analysis of the largest players found that integrated energy companies (IECs), supermajors, international oil companies (IOCs), and national oil companies (NOCs) are all getting into the game.

Low-carbon solutions are the key to future revenue generation.

Como concorrência no espaço LCS aquece, os jogadores mais avançados estão separados de seus colegas, tanto comercial quanto organizacional. As empresas que se concentram no desenvolvimento das capacidades organizacionais de suas empresas de LCS se posicionarão para aproveitar ao máximo a oportunidade. Aqueles que não correm o risco de ficar para trás. Nossa análise abrangeu a ambição do LCS, as opções de portfólio, o acesso à tecnologia e os modelos de seis IECs/supermajoras, oito NOCs e três IOCs, com o objetivo de analisar como essas empresas estão se estabelecendo para o sucesso do investimento de baixo carbono. Em 2020 e 2021, os investimentos na O&G em LCs aumentaram rapidamente nos últimos cinco anos, e todos os sinais indicam que o ritmo do investimento continuará a acelerar. De 2017 a 2022, 17 empresas investiram aproximadamente US $ 74 bilhões. Desse montante, 55% foram para o crescimento inorgânico, o que sugere que os jogadores de O&G estão adquirindo ativamente recursos externos para acelerar sua transição para o zero líquido. Extrapolando das declarações públicas de comprometimento das empresas, estimamos que os investimentos atinjam US $ 134 bilhões nos próximos cinco anos, um aumento de quase 80%. (Consulte Anexo 1.)

Shifting Gears

In 2022, to understand this rapidly evolving sector, BCG assessed 17 companies in the O&G industry. Our analysis covered the LCS ambition, portfolio choices, technology access, and organization models of six IECs/supermajors, eight NOCs, and three IOCs, with the goal of analyzing how these companies are setting themselves up for success in the low-carbon space.

Accelerating Pace of LCS Investment

Except for a temporary slowdown during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, O&G investments in LCS have increased rapidly over the past five years, and all signs indicate that the pace of investment will continue to accelerate. From 2017 to 2022, 17 companies invested approximately $74 billion. Of that amount, 55% went to inorganic growth, which suggests that O&G players are actively acquiring external capabilities to accelerate their transition to net zero. Extrapolating from companies’ public statements of commitment, we estimate that investments will reach $134 billion over the next five years, an increase of nearly 80%. (See Exhibit 1.)

Together, the six largest publicly traded energy companies—including BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Shell, and TotalEnergies—contributed about 80% of investments. These companies will continue to dominate investment activity. Their share of low-carbon capital expenditures averaged 5% over the past five years, and analysts predict that it will soon surpass 15%. Some IOCs, along with some NOCs, plan to increase their spending, on average, by 3.2 times during the same period.

Mudando de energia renovável para hidrogênio, CCUS e bioenergia

Durante o período de 2017 a outubro de 2022, as empresas de O&G focaram na construção de recursos de energia renovável: solar e vento representavam 75% de seus investimentos com baixo carbono e bioenergia aproximadamente 10%. Mas a situação está mudando rapidamente. Tanto a atividade de fusões e aquisições quanto a atividade de aventura indicam que hidrogênio , CCUs e bioenergia estão rapidamente no centro do palco. (Consulte o Anexo 2.)

In 2018, renewables accounted for 80% of M&As; in 2022, that percentage has dropped to 60%. There were no hydrogen or CCUS transactions prior to 2020; these two domains now account for 22% of transactions, with 16 transactions so far in 2022. The shift is even more visible in the venture capital space. Renewable power deals dropped from 52% in 2018 to 21% in 2022, while hydrogen, CCUS, and bioenergy together rose from 8% to 44%. Bioenergy is enjoying strong interest, receiving $7 billion in investments over the past two years.

O&G players are positioning themselves to become market leaders in these emerging low-carbon technologies. They will likely hold a large amount of green hydrogen capacity by 2040—second only to the pure-play hydrogen companies—and more than 45% of global capture capacity by 2030. The shift to hydrogen and CCUS reflects the importance of these solutions for reaching Net-Zero metas e alcançar sinergias com ativos e operações de O&G existentes. No entanto, vemos uma situação diferente no subsetor solar fotovoltaico. Os jogadores da O&G representam apenas 15% da propriedade solar de ativos fotovoltaicos em 2022, enquanto jogadores de energia independentes e investidores institucionais combinaram mais de 60%.

Accommodating New Organizational Models

O&G companies are adjusting their Estruturas organizacionais para apoiar suas estratégias de LCS. Isso é evidente em nossa análise de jogadores em duas dimensões: commercial maturity, which reflects an LCS business’s ability to generate positive cash flow at scale; and organizational maturity, which reflects its reporting lines and degree of business autonomy.

LCS businesses fall into four main categories that encompass a wide range of commercial and organizational maturity. (See Exhibit 3.) Those categories are as follows:

A higher degree of autonomy and separation from the core business typically translates into higher commercial maturity. In the companies we observed, LCS activities are moving toward becoming independent business entities driven by their agenda rather than being incubated by core segments.

Quatro modelos organizacionais

Mergulhando mais, identificamos quatro modelos organizacionais distintos que as empresas implantaram em apoio a atividades de baixo carbono:

Many O&G players adopt a hybrid combination of capability-aligned and market-aligned models. This approach helps accommodate a wide range of LCS technological and commercial maturity.

O&G companies may eventually need to evolve their low-carbon businesses to give them greater operational independence to capture the fair market value of low-carbon opportunities as the technology matures. Such a move follows recent trends in other industries such as automotive, where some players are separating their electric vehicle operations from their traditional business of producing internal combustion engine vehicles. This empowers the new businesses to develop their own business models unhindered by legacy operations, business models, and valuations.

Persistent Challenges

O&G players are making great strides in the LCS space, but none is best in class today. All continue to grapple with various pain points. Four of these are particularly noteworthy:

Finding Low-Carbon Success

No matter how much progress their companies have made in the journey, CEOs and CSOs should consistently keep three priorities in mind over the next few years:


LCS represent a new frontier, with phenomenal potential for O&G companies seeking growth in the years ahead. Players that focus on building their organizational maturity to accommodate such solutions will be best positioned to capture this opportunity.

Authors

Managing Director & Partner

Ilshat Haris

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
Houston

parceiro & amp; Diretor, Centro de Impacto Energético

Rebecca Fitz

Parceiro e diretor, Centro de Impacto Energético
Washington, DC

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro

Emmanuel Ricolfi

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
Houston

Principal

Yudhveer Thakkar

Principal
Austin

Alumnus

Chukwudi Udeani

Alumnus

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