duas tendências afetando amplamente o
Indústria de semicondutores
Ameaça aumentar significativamente suas emissões de carbono de cerca de 0,3% do total de emissões globais atualmente. Praticamente todos os dispositivos industriais e de consumo modernos - desde os brinquedos infantis até os navios foguetes e do menor aparelho até os maiores automóveis - bem como a maioria das atividades diárias, como o envio de um email, finalmente executadas em semicondutores. A fabricação de semicondutores mais avançados requer processos cada vez mais complexos, que consomem mais gases de eletricidade e processos. O objetivo do contrato de Paris de limitar o aumento das temperaturas médias globais a 1,5 ° C acima dos níveis pré -industriais diminui. Para fazer sua parte, a indústria de semicondutores deve desenvolver um plano de descarbonização para atingir o zero líquido. Com isso em mente, BCG, semi e o consórcio climático de semicondutores (SCC) publicaram
First, demand for chips is accelerating. Virtually every modern industrial and consumer device—from children’s toys to rocket ships, and from the smallest appliance to the biggest automobiles—as well as most daily activities, such as sending an email, ultimately run on semiconductors.
Second, as chips increase in processing power, semiconductor production almost inevitably becomes more carbon intensive. Manufacturing more advanced semiconductors requires ever more complex processes, which consume more electricity and process gases.
If the current growth path were to continue unchecked, carbon emissions from semiconductor production would rise by about 8% annually in coming years and not peak until about 2045.
Springboard to Action
The need to combat climate change grows more urgent as the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting the increase in global average temperatures to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels slips away. To do its part, the semiconductor industry must develop a decarbonization plan to reach net zero.
But without a clear picture of semiconductor emissions levels at every stage of chip manufacture and usage, there can be no path to net zero. With that in mind, BCG, SEMI, and the Semiconductor Climate Consortium (SCC) have published Transparência, ambição e colaboração: Avançando a agenda climática da cadeia de valor de semicondutores , um relatório que oferece a análise mais completa das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) relacionadas a semicondutores até o momento, bem como uma análise detalhada das emissões atuais e futuras em toda a cadeia de valor de semicondutores para facilitar o desenvolvimento direcionado de soluções de abatimento. Não apenas calculamos as emissões do escopo 1 e do escopo 2 - essencialmente, emissões que resultam diretamente do projeto de semicondutores e atividades de fabricação e da energia consumida durante essas operações, respectivamente - mas também examinamos as emissões do escopo 3. Essas são as emissões de CO2 a montante das atividades de produção e fornecimento de materiais dos fornecedores, bem como emissões a jusante do uso de chips por clientes em aplicativos diários.
The research is especially notable for its ambitious range. Not only did we calculate Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions—essentially, emissions that directly result from semiconductor design and manufacturing activities and from the energy consumed during those operations, respectively—but we also examined Scope 3 emissions. These are upstream CO2 emissions from suppliers’ production and materials sourcing activities as well as downstream emissions from the use of chips by customers in daily applications.
O que aprendemos
Nossa pesquisa produziu cinco achados principais:
- Semiconductor devices manufactured in 2021 will have a lifetime CO2e footprint of nearly 500 megatonnes (Mt)—15% from materials and equipment (Scope 3 upstream), 20% from device design and manufacturing (Scopes 1 and 2), and 65% from device processing, use, and disposal (Scope 3 downstream). Up to 99% of the Scope 3 downstream emissions arise from the use of devices by consumers, companies, and governments, and are not under the direct control of the semiconductor industry. Increasingly, chip industry partnerships such as the SCC are addressing this issue, attempting to design new ways to reduce the energy consumption of devices over time—including, for instance, equipment in data centers, which are massive consumers of semiconductors.
- More than 80% of semiconductor industry emissions come from consumption of electricity (mostly Scope 2), typically generated by a third party and primarily used for manufacturing and to power semiconductors over their lifetime. Accelerating replacement of fossil fuel energy sources with low-carbon sources is a viable and increasingly attractive option for addressing this outsized source of greenhouse gases.
- The remaining 15% or so of emissions—primarily from supply chain and chip manufacturing activities—are difficult to reduce with today’s technologies and will require considerable R&D investment to alter current practices. Process gases used during manufacturing steps such as etching and lithography are significant contributors. Limiting emissions from these gases will require reimagining highly complex production methodologies through the use of different chemicals and advanced abatement technologies. Some progress has already been made to reduce emissions intensity during manufacturing, and newly adopted or implemented government regulations should accelerate this trend. Another difficult area to address involves supply chain emissions that arise from extracting and processing various materials and chemicals that are used for semiconductor manufacturing or for making factory equipment and intermediate products. These processes generally lie outside the direct control of semiconductor manufacturers, but chipmakers can influence their suppliers’ sustainability strategies by adopting appropriate procurement policies.
- Commitments to minimize manufacturing emissions are as yet insufficient to reach net zero in the semiconductor industry by 2050. Semiconductor emissions are forecasted to overshoot the carbon budget for the 1.5°C pathway by 3.5 times, based on the current trajectory and existing commitments, and to fall short of net zero in 2050. Actions taken by companies and society have substantially improved the outlook for carbon emissions, but there is still a long way to go.
- Semiconductors are essential to power critical climate change solutions, such as smart grids, renewable energy storage, and electric vehicles. Moreover, consumers, policymakers, and companies are seeking greater semiconductor performance in part to reduce their own greenhouse gas emissions. The semiconductor industry must continue to build capacity for such essential applications—but added manufacturing capacity, in turn, increases the industry’s own carbon footprint.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecasts
The full report develops and analyzes a series of scenarios for GHG emissions in manufacturing through 2050, charting possible semiconductor industry outcomes against an overall goal of adhering to the 1.5°C pathway. (See the exhibit.) Because data on supply chain and device usage is still difficult to measure and assess, we do not include these activities in our forecasts.
The “ Energia de baixo carbono ”O cenário antecipa que a indústria de semicondutores pode conter mais de metade das emissões de 2050 de referência - o nível de produção de carbono na ausência de qualquer ação viável para reduzi -la - apoiando a realização das imagens de políticas de energia e da agência de energia de 8 anos em que os 80 e as etapas estão em folhas e as etapas que refletem o impacto das estruturas de políticas do governo e dos meios de realização de que as estruturas de políticas de energia e as placas de energia são de que as áreas de realização de 8 anos de folhas e as etapas de 8 anos, que são de que as etapas e as etapas de 8 anos, as etapas de 8 anos, as etapas são de que as etapas de 5 anos de folhas e as etapas de 8 anos de folhas e as etapas de 8 anos de folhas e as etapas são de que as etapas de 8 anos se refletem sobre as imagens de políticas de energia e os que estão em folhas de 8 anos. GT total, significativamente acima dos alvos líquidos de zero e 1,5 ° C.
Nosso outro cenário incorpora compromissos da empresa pelos 40 mais altos emissores na fabricação de semicondutores, como relatado atualmente, representando uma maioria substancial de todas as emissões. Esse cenário promete progresso material em direção a uma meta coletiva de zero líquido. Mesmo assim, seus resultados ficam aquém do zero líquido até 2050 - e de atingir o objetivo de 1,5 ° C, por um fator de 3,5x. De fato, mesmo os esforços significativos já prometidos e tomados não reduzirão a pegada de carbono do setor para lidar com zero. A superação dessa lacuna exigirá uma colaboração mais profunda em toda a indústria, que incentivamos fortemente e o CEC começou a promover.
As the report shows, achieving the 1.5°C carbon expenditure goal will not be easy for semiconductor companies. Indeed, even the significant efforts already pledged and taken will not reduce the industry’s carbon footprint to net zero. Overcoming this gap will require deeper collaboration across the industry, which we strongly encourage and the SCC has begun to foster.
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