JA

Como os governos podem melhorar o mercado de habilidades globais

por= Sagar Goel, Sriramprasad rangarajan, Orsolya kovács-ondrejkovic, Joerg hildebrandt, Leila hoteit e Anton Stepanenko
Artigo 12 Min Read

Tecla toca

Como preencher uma lacuna de habilidades significativas nas forças de trabalho nacionais? Os governos precisam desempenhar um papel mais estratégico, começando com três intervenções -chave. produtividade.
  • Build an open and comprehensive digital skills platform to bridge information asymmetry and improve coordination.
  • Enable lifelong investments in skilling by incentivizing behavior change among key stakeholders.
  • Build employability and entrepreneurship skills to maintain workforce productivity.
= Salvo para Meu conteúdo salvo
Download Artigo

Governos em todo o mundo estão lutando com uma lacuna de habilidades significativas em suas forças de trabalho nacionais. Cinqüenta por cento da população trabalhadora global de hoje precisa aumentar ou rescular para se manter competitivo; Até 2030, os projetos do Fórum Econômico Mundial isso crescerão para 90%. (Consulte Anexo 1.) Falha em resolver esse problema pode resultar em um PIB global impressionante perda de até US $ 15 trilhões até 2030 .

As partes interessadas importantes investiram somas significativas para enfrentar esse desafio, no entanto, as soluções atuais continuam a menos. Os programas corporativos não atingem 70% da pequena empresa e trabalhadores econômicos informais, de acordo com a BCG Research and Analysis. As instituições acadêmicas não estão preparadas para acomodar milhões que retornam à escola e tendem a oferecer programas desconectados e longos. A educação on -line tem acessibilidade limitada, levando a baixas taxas de conclusão. E os esforços de orientação pública e sem fins lucrativos geralmente não têm alinhamento no setor. O resultado dessas deficiências é uma incapacidade de criar impacto em escala. Para tão efetivamente, os governos devem desempenhar um papel crucial como orquestradores do ecossistema de habilidades. Com base em nossa pesquisa em mais de 80 ecossistemas de habilidades globais e 10 intervenções baseadas no governo, além de conversas com especialistas em habilidades, propomos três estratégias para governos e formuladores de políticas para criar um próspero

Governments are uniquely positioned to address the fundamental challenges in the market that have contributed to the current crisis. To so effectively, governments must play a crucial role as orchestrators of the skills ecosystem. Based on our research into more than 80 global skills ecosystems and 10 government-based interventions, alongside conversations with skilling experts, we propose three strategies for governments and policymakers to create a thriving ecossistema de habilidades Em seus países.

Por que o ecossistema de habilidades atuais está quebrado

On the demand side of the skills ecosystem are participants like industry and companies, as well as key enablers like staffing agencies and job portals. On the supply side, key stakeholders include training providers (corporates and academia) that enable skill development in collaboration with other supporting organizations, such as assessment agencies that evaluate and certify candidate proficiency. Governments typically play the role of facilitator, guiding these ecosystems to ensure alignment and success. For example, governments may provide funding and resources to individual training programs, making it easier for people to access skill-building courses. (See Exhibit 2.)

But today, in many countries, these ecosystems aren’t working. Their dysfunction primarily results from four significant market challenges.

Information Asymmetry. informações inadequadas dentro do sistema levam à tomada de decisão subparta. Por exemplo, os indivíduos não têm informações sobre emprego e habilidade, geralmente dependem de dados e insights ad hoc de colegas ou da Internet para guiá -los; As empresas enfrentam desafios na descoberta de candidatos, verificação de credenciais e opções de recrutamento informadas; e os governos encontram lacunas de informações ao prever a demanda por causa da velocidade e complexidade do mercado de mão -de -obra e habilidades. Por exemplo, quando as instituições educacionais treinam os trabalhadores em habilidades irrelevantes para as necessidades da indústria ou quando os governos alocam fundos desproporcionais para certos setores. Isso resulta em uma incompatibilidade entre as habilidades ensinadas e as necessidades da indústria, programas de treinamento fragmentados e falta de credenciais padronizadas. Os indivíduos tendem a procrastinar quando se trata de habilidade, porque não vêem benefícios imediatos. As empresas deprenderam as habilidades devido a pressões financeiras de curto prazo e retorno pouco claro sobre o investimento. Os governos enfrentam questões semelhantes devido a curtos ciclos políticos, prioridades conflitantes e restrições orçamentárias. Por exemplo, o financiamento pode favorecer ganhos imediatos em vez de reformas educacionais sustentadas.

Coordination Failures. These arise when stakeholders are unable to collaborate systematically; for example, when educational institutions train workers in skills that are irrelevant to industry needs or when governments allocate disproportionate funds to certain sectors. This results in a mismatch between the skills being taught and industry needs, fragmented training programs, and a lack of standardized credentials.

Present Bias. This phenomenon has undue influence on skilling. Individuals tend to procrastinate when it comes to skilling because they don’t see immediate benefits. Companies deprioritize skilling because of short-term financial pressures and unclear return on investment. Governments face similar issues due to short political cycles, conflicting priorities, and budget constraints. For instance, funding may favor immediate gains rather than sustained education reforms.

Externalities. Eles ocorrem quando, por exemplo, um empregador treina um funcionário que sai da empresa; Outra empresa colheria o benefício desse investimento em treinamento. O efeito de transbordamento levanta preocupações sobre os empregadores hesitando em investir os fundos necessários no desenvolvimento de habilidades, pois eles podem antecipar outras pessoas que se beneficiam sem contribuir diretamente para o investimento. Esse fenômeno é particularmente agudo em micro e pequenas empresas restritas a recursos, bem como a força de trabalho desempregada, onde o acesso à empregabilidade básica ou nas habilidades de empreendedorismo se torna difícil. orquestração. Acreditamos que é onde os governos estão em uma posição exclusiva para passar de seu papel como

The Government as Ecosystem Orchestrator

When researching skilling ecosystems around the world, we found time and again that the critical factor contributing to these market challenges is a lack of orchestration. This, we believe, is where governments are uniquely positioned to move from their role as Facilitadores para se tornar mais proativo e estratégicoorchestrators. Three interventions are key. 

Crie uma plataforma de habilidades digitais abertas e abrangentes para preencher a assimetria da informação e melhorar a coordenação. Opções e os empregadores podem usá -lo para procurar candidatos. Os provedores de treinamento podem usar a plataforma para receber acreditação ou comercializar seus programas. Os financiadores podem listar possíveis ofertas de financiamento/financiamento no portal para fornecer acesso aprimorado a subsídios e bolsas de estudo. Os governos não precisam necessariamente criar todos os serviços oferecidos na plataforma. Em vez disso, eles podem estabelecer um design de tecnologia interoperável, incentivando a colaboração com os desenvolvedores. Through this intervention, governments can address challenges with respect to information asymmetry and coordination failures by providing transparent access to up-to-date information and bringing all stakeholders to one common platform.

Individuals can use such a platform to find jobs, skill programs, and funding options, and employers can use it to search for candidates. Training providers can use the platform to receive accreditation or market their programs. Financiers can list potential funding/financing offers on the portal to provide improved access to grants and scholarships. Governments do not necessarily have to create all the services offered on the platform themselves. Instead, they can establish an interoperable technology design, encouraging collaboration with developers.

Os governos também devem procurar maneiras de incorporar AI (including generative AI) into the platform to improve the user experience and enhance offerings, including:

Many governments are already pursuing digital initiatives. The French government has created Mon Compte Formation—a digital platform for vocational training and skills development. It allows individual employees and jobseekers to access a personal training account that includes government, employer, and personal contributions. Users can search for online and in-person training courses from a catalogue of providers and can also access career guidance when choosing a program. Further, the platform aggregates potential sources of corporate and government funds to help individuals finance their course costs.

Índia, através da National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), introduziu a Habilidades India Digital, que incluirá uma plataforma que incorpora funcionalidades como mecanismos de recomendação, credenciais digitalmente verificadas e sclatplings e uma troca de trabalhos. provedores de treinamento elegíveis. Essa plataforma pretende servir como uma loja única para as necessidades de habilidade dos cidadãos e fornece ferramentas abrangentes de orientação profissional.

And in Saudi Arabia, the government launched its national skilling stimulus program, Waad (The Promise), and is rolling out a digital national skills platform connecting employers, employees, and eligible training providers. This platform is intended to serve as a one-stop shop for citizens’ skilling needs and provides comprehensive career guidance tools.

Enable lifelong investments in skilling by incentivizing behavior change among key stakeholders. Through this intervention, governments can address present bias and externalities by helping individuals, companies, and academia to make critical shifts in their approach to skilling.  

Indivíduos: do aprendizado passivo ao aprendizado ao longo da vida. Indivíduos investem predominantemente em aprendizado durante seus primeiros 20 anos, mas a aprendizagem e a construção de habilidades ao longo da vida são essenciais para competitividade, empregabilidade e qualidade de vida. Para ajudar as pessoas a adotar essa mentalidade, os governos podem fornecer:

Singapore’s SkillsFuture initiative, targeting those aged 25 and above, provides a $SG 500 SkillsFuture Credit for individuals. In Germany, residents in 14 out of 16 federal states can access five days of paid annual upskilling leave for accredited training. The assistance upskilling checks vary by state, offer financial assistance, often up to €1,000 or 50% of training expenses. Saudi Arabia has allocated more than SAR 1.3 billion to sponsor upskilling through its national skills platform.

Companies: from reactive human resource management to proactive skill capital development. Companies face continuous change owing to several megatrends, for example, shifting demographics and climate imperatives, which constantly demand new skillsets while impacting growth and profitability. Managers often resort to quick-fix skilling programs and suboptimal hires, as well as undertaking costly measures like divestments or layoffs. A proactive, long-term approach is essential to prevent skill shortages and to foster innovation and productivity.

Governments can provide:

The Singaporean government offers a $SG 10,000 credit for eligible employers, and support for enterprise capability development. Further, the SkillsFuture Employer Awards recognize organizations promoting lifelong learning and skill development in the workplace. In Germany, employers that permit employees to pursue accredited training programs receive support covering up to 100% of training costs, 90% of employee salary costs, and extra assistance for short-term employment. Saudi Arabia is providing fast-track government services to employers investing in training opportunities for their workforce, but also for graduates and job seekers in general. The Waad initiative recognizes three tiers of employers based on training rates (silver, gold, and platinum), with benefits specific to each tier.

Academia: from institutions of higher education to institutions of lifelong learning. Academic institutions play a crucial role in skilling during individuals’ first 20 years. However, their effectiveness diminishes with time due to program limitations, such a lack of industry relevance. To mitigate these obstacles, governments can set up:

The Institutes of Technology in the UK are unique collaborations between existing further education colleges, universities, and leading employers. With a £290 million government investment in cutting-edge technology, each Institute of Technology specializes in areas such as medical engineering, high-value manufacturing, cloud networking, and health care. Employers lead the decision making in terms of identifying the skills and training, curriculum development, and delivery, and also support faculty with apprenticeships, technology, and access to their facilities for learners. Courses are focused on the practical skills needed for specific jobs requested by employers and are open to learners from nontraditional backgrounds, such as those without a high school degree.

Build employability and entrepreneurship skills to maintain workforce productivity. Esta intervenção permite que os governos abordem externalidades, uma vez que nenhum ator no ecossistema é incentivado a fornecer habilidades essenciais de empregabilidade e empreendedorismo em escala. O Instituto Econômico Alemão relatou uma diminuição anual de 1% no crescimento do PIB devido à falta de trabalhadores qualificados/empregáveis. Competências)

The employment landscape is significantly affected by a gap in employability skills, which are crucial not just for employment but also for long-term career success. The German Economic Institute reported a yearly 1% decrease in GDP growth due to a lack of skilled/employable workers.

Employability skills are categorized into four main groups:

There is a notable discrepancy in the integration of these skills in educational curricula, which is a major barrier for job seekers. A global analysis of more than 11,000 employers conducted by the UK-based Institute of Student and Employers and the QS Group highlights a notable disparity between the perceived importance of various employability skills and the satisfaction levels regarding these skills across different countries, levels of education, and specific skill sets. Out of 15 employability skills examined, the study identifies significant gaps in 13, pointing to problem-solving, digital, communication, resilience, creativity, and leadership as areas where the most critical shortages lie. Many markets also experience significant underemployment—workers employed below their skill level or in part-time roles.

In addition to employability and underemployment, the demand for entrepreneurial skills is high, especially in emerging markets with self-employment rates of 30% to 50%. These skills include a deep understanding of the business mindset, financial literacy, data privacy, and compliance and legal requirements. For instance, successful entrepreneurs today must excel in the use of online marketplaces like Amazon to ensure they capitalize on new sales and distribution channels. Further, proficiency in analyzing customer data as well as a working understanding of data privacy laws and the consequences of data misuse are key.

Several governments have taken steps to address these gaps. Australia’s Employability Skills Training program, overseen by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, is a free, five-week initiative that supports participants in exploring career options, developing job search and workplace skills, building industry-specific knowledge for local job markets (such as hospitality and aged care), and facilitating opportunities to visit businesses to learn about work environments.

In India, the Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprise spearheads programs fostering entrepreneurship, targeting youth and academic institutions. Tailored to aspiring entrepreneurs, key components of this program include awareness campaigns and a six-week entrepreneurship-cum-skill-development program designed to enhance skills through hands-on practice, addressing trade-specific needs. Similarly, they also extend support to national-level training institutions via an Assistance to Training Institutions (ATI) scheme toward creating and strengthening infrastructure and training programs.

Esses são exemplos encorajadores, e os governos podem continuar a amplificar o impacto e a escala de suas iniciativas, expandindo as parcerias com as indústrias e integrando com suas plataformas digitais abertas. Ao usar conteúdo e experiência em treinamento do setor e endossar credenciais específicas da indústria, os governos podem melhorar bastante a credibilidade e a relevância da certificação. Os governos têm uma oportunidade única - e um imperativo - para fazer isso acontecer. Inscreva -se

 


Given the exponential pace of technological change and the diminishing longevity of skills, the need for a new approach to lifelong learning is clear. Governments have a unique opportunity—and an imperative—to make it happen.

BCG Henderson Institute Newsletter: Insights that are shaping business thinking.


bhi-logo-image-gallery-2-tcm9-239323.jpg

BCG の戦略シンクタンクとして、アイデア創出に有効なテクノロジーを活用し、ビジネス、テクノロジー、科学分野からの新しい価値あるインサイトを探求・開発しています。ビジネスリーダーを巻き込んで、ビジネスの理論と実践の境界線を広げ、ビジネス内外から革新的アイデアを取り入れるための刺激的なディスカッションや実験を行っています。 2022 年 7 月に日本における拠点である BHI Japan を設立しました。

Autores

Diretor Gerente & amp; Parceiro, Pessoas Estratégia e amp; Resgatificante, BCG Henderson Institute, Cingapura

Sagar Goel

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro, Pessoas Estratégia e Resgate, BCG Henderson Institute, Cingapura
Cingapura

Principal

Sriramprasad Rangarajan

Principal
Chennai

Diretor Associado

Orsolya Kovács-Andrejkovic

Diretor Associado
Zurique

Diretor Gerente & amp; Parceiro sênior; Líder global, prática do setor público

Joerg Hildebrandt

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior; Líder global, prática do setor público
Dubai

Diretor Gerente & amp; Parceiro sênior; Líder global, educação, emprego e bem -estar

Leila Hoteit

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior; Líder global, educação, emprego e bem -estar
Dubai

Parceiro e diretor associado Educação, emprego e bem -estar

Anton Stepanenko

Parceiro e diretor associado de educação, emprego e bem -estar
Dubai

Conteúdo relacionado

Salvo para Meu conteúdo salvo
Download Artigo
== Salvo para Meu conteúdo salvo
Download Artigo