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Estratégias para o sucesso da agência espacial em uma era comercial

por= Troy Thomas, Matthew Martinez, Michael Eidem, Cameron Scott e Martin Reiche
Artigo 8 Min Read

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Os jogadores do setor privado agora lançam foguetes, operam satélites e oferecem outros serviços uma vez tratados exclusivamente pelos governos. As agências espaciais precisam de um plano para trabalhar com essa indústria em crescimento. TECNOLOGIA. Salvo para
  • For countries with traditional programs focused on human space flight or exploration, the mandate for space agencies now includes partnering with industry to solve engineering challenges and expanding their space sector at the state or regional level.
  • Countries that haven’t operated space programs can also capitalize, by leveraging their industrial base to support new companies with promising technology.
  • Space agencies should focus on four priorities to expand the commercial space sector: set clear growth targets, create a differentiated value proposition, develop the right investment framework, and build a flexible operating model.
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Operações espaciais mudaram do setor público para o setor privado nas últimas duas décadas, com enormes implicações para os governos. No passado, agências como a NASA tinham o monopólio da execução do programa espacial. Na era atual do Space 4.0, a maioria das funções espaciais - tanto na órbita quanto no terreno - são tratadas por uma proliferação de players comerciais, com novos participantes continuando a ingressar no mercado. Como resultado, as agências no nível nacional e estadual precisam de um conjunto de capacidades muito diferente do que no passado.

Our experience supporting governments has helped identify four key imperatives that all space agencies seeking to spur economic development and expand their Economia espacial deve priorizar:

These are tested strategies that leading space agencies around the world are already successfully applying. They serve as a benchmark for space agencies looking to capitalize on the new era of commercialization in space.

New Space Agencies Are Emerging—and Their Mandates Are Evolving

There are nearly 90 national and state-level space agencies operating around the world. (See the exhibit.) Of that total, close to half were created in the past 20 years, many in countries without traditional programs focused on human space flight or exploration.

For most governments with an interest in space, however, the commercialization of the Setor espacial expandiu e diversificou o mandato dessas agências. Os países com programas espaciais estabelecidos agora buscam parceria com a indústria para desenvolver soluções mais rápidas e inovadoras para os desafios técnicos ou de engenharia. They also leverage the commercial space industry to help with emerging use cases for space services (such as earth observation for climate and sustainability initiatives), support research transfer from academia to industry, fund early-stage space companies, and collaborate with international partners on next-generation space missions.

Many of these countries want to work with the private sector to further develop the space economy at the regional or state level—reflecting the expanded opportunities for smaller nations e autoridades regionais para se envolver na economia espacial e criar as capacidades de que precisam, como comunicação de satélite.

Além disso, países que não têm-ou desejam-um programa espacial nacional ainda pode se envolver na economia espacial, colocando sua base industrial doméstica para usar e ajudando a desenvolver empresas comerciais que apóiam o setor espacial. Em nossa experiência, ambos os tipos de organizações compartilham vários imperativos essenciais para o sucesso. A formulação desses objetivos requer uma avaliação abrangente da economia espacial local em toda a cadeia de valor, incluindo pesquisa, operações de terra, fabricação, atividades de lançamento e serviços relacionados ao espaço. A partir dessa linha de base, as organizações podem definir metas ambiciosas, porém alcançáveis, em cada segmento, suportadas por etapas específicas para atingir seus objetivos. Ao definir claramente os objetivos e as etapas necessárias para ter sucesso, todas as partes interessadas - incluindo funcionários, investidores e o público - ganham uma melhor compreensão da direção e das aspirações da agência. Estabelecido em 2018, a agência definiu objetivos claros, como aumentar o mercado espacial australiano de US $ 3,9 bilhões em 2019 para US $ 12 bilhões até 2030. As principais etapas para realizar esse crescimento são receber o investimento e colaboração internacionais, criar capacidades nacionais (principalmente lançar a infraestrutura) e desenvolver uma estrutura regulatória que possua segurança e segurança, mas não limita as exansões. Uma pesquisa de investimento de capital de US $ 1 bilhão financia pesquisas até 2025.

Four Imperatives

The evolution of the space sector landscape is requiring well-established space agencies to adapt and new agencies to carefully consider what role they will play vis-à-vis the commercial sector. In our experience, both types of organizations share several imperatives that are essential for success.

Set clear growth targets for the local space industry. Establishing clear and measurable goals, in both the short and the long term, is crucial for space agencies to strategically engage with the market and maintain accountability for their progress. Formulating these objectives requires a comprehensive assessment of the local space economy across the value chain, including research, ground operations, manufacturing, launch activities, and space-related services. From that baseline, organizations can set ambitious yet achievable targets in each segment, supported by specific steps to achieve their aims.

This goal-setting process not only serves as a roadmap for organization development but also promotes transparency and collaboration within the agency. By clearly defining objectives and the steps needed to succeed, all stakeholders—including employees, investors, and the public—gain a better understanding of the agency’s direction and aspirations.

The Australian Space Agency is a good example of setting growth targets. Established in 2018, the agency defined clear objectives, such as increasing the Australian space market from $3.9 billion in 2019 to $12 billion by 2030. Key steps to accomplish this growth are to welcome international investment and collaboration, build national capabilities (primarily launch infrastructure), and develop a regulatory framework that ensures safety and security but does not limit expansion. A $1 billion capital investment pipeline funds research through 2025.

A agência também pretende triplicar o número de empregos relacionados ao espaço, de 10.000 em 2019 a 30.000 até 2030 (com posições adicionais decorrentes dos efeitos de transbordamento). As principais iniciativas para o crescimento do emprego incluem a promoção do entusiasmo pelo espaço entre os jovens australianos e o investimento na educação STEM. A agência aspira a alcançar mais de 10 milhões de australianos anualmente para aumentar a conscientização das atividades espaciais e seu impacto na economia local. O mercado espacial é cada vez mais competitivo e os governos devem desenvolver uma proposta de valor clara e diferenciada para atrair jogadores do setor privado. Fatores como condições geográficas vantajosas que apóiam a atividade espacial, parcerias com a indústria, uma forte força de trabalho do setor espacial, relações colaborativas com outras organizações governamentais, pesquisa e inovação avançada e termos financeiros e incentivos podem ajudar uma agência a se diferenciar.

Create a differentiated value proposition. The space market is increasingly competitive, and governments must develop a clear and differentiated value proposition to attract private sector players. Factors such as advantageous geographic conditions that support space activity, partnerships with industry, a strong space sector workforce, collaborative relationships with other government organizations, advanced research and innovation, and financial terms and incentives can all help an agency differentiate itself.

The space market is increasingly competitive, and governments must develop a clear and differentiated value proposition to attract private sector players.

Florida tem sido um centro de atividade espacial, lar de instalações bem estabelecidas que hospedam muitos dos lançamentos espaciais mais famosos da história. O estado continua sendo líder no setor espacial devido em grande parte ao modelo de negócios da Space Florida, a agência estadual encarregada de promover e desenvolver a economia espacial da Flórida. O Space Florida usou efetivamente as vantagens geográficas da Flórida, o patrimônio espacial exclusivo e a infraestrutura para expandir sua indústria espacial por meio de uma proposta de valor diferenciada:

Develop the right end-to-end investment framework. Government space organizations need to clearly establish a funding ecosystem that supports agency-specific goals. This means identifying how funds will be sourced (for example, from government budget allocations and/or private capital) and deployed (all upfront or annually), along with ensuring that allocation decisions are transparent and meet the needs of both established players and startups.

Funding must be sustainable. Space organizations should proactively engage with stakeholders—including policymakers, private investors, and the public—to garner support for and build confidence in the agency’s financial framework. Some agencies may opt to establish financial reserves and contingency plans, which can help them manage unforeseen funding challenges or budget fluctuations.

The Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) is a good model for sustainable funding. LSA was founded in 2018 with the goal of using state funds—from the national government, the EU, and the European Space Agency—along with private sector financing for three main objectives: research, support for space ventures, and broader funds aimed at expanding technical industries. Luxembourg’s space sector now comprises approximately 70 space and satellite companies. The country’s approach shows the importance of guaranteed sources of funding in attracting promising space firms and investors for the long run.

Build a flexible operating model. The operating model for space agencies falls on a continuum between two archetypes. One is the direct-control operating model—used by traditional entities such as NASA—with a large organization structure segmented into multiple functions and activities. The other model is an industry growth platform, which tends to be smaller in scope and narrower in focus. But all agencies, regardless of where they fall on the spectrum, must be flexible enough to support commercialization and the development of their national or local space sector, with governance that helps the organization integrate industry perspectives and capabilities and promotes growth across the value chain.

NASA clearly uses a direct-control operating model, but it still has many elements that focus on commercial growth and is fully committed to partnering with industry to develop the overall space economy. By law, NASA is mandated to “seek and encourage … the fullest commercial use of space,” and its operating model seeks partners to support research, design, and other mission-related activities. Several features of the model show this flexibility in action:

In this way, NASA has evolved its operating model to help expand the space industry, develop new capabilities, and shift key government activities to the commercial sector.


The commercialization of space dramatically changes the industry’s dynamics and creates new opportunities. Space agencies can capitalize on this shift, provided they evolve and diversify their mandate. By focusing on the four imperatives that we identified—clear growth targets, a differentiated value proposition, sustainable funding, and flexible operating models—agencies can collaborate more effectively with private firms. In doing so, they can develop a synergistic relationship in which the public and private sectors combine to make countries more innovative and competitive.

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Autores

Diretor e parceiro gerente

Troy Thomas

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
Washington, DC

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro

Matthew Martinez

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
San Diego

Líder do projeto

Michael Eidem

Líder do projeto
San Diego

Gerente sênior do setor global, Defesa e Segurança

Cameron Scott

Gerente sênior do setor global, Defesa e Segurança
Washington, DC

Cientista de dados de chumbo

Martin Reiche

Cientista de dados líderes
BCG X - Berlim

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