O que é um modelo de precificação? está nas respostas a três perguntas. As decisões de preços não são matemáticas; Eles são estratégia. Um preço não pode existir até que os líderes seniores tenham tomado decisões sobre sua arquitetura de preços, que inclui os seguintes componentes:
A pricing model is the manifestation of a pricing strategy, defining the ways in which a pricing strategy is implemented along all pricing levers—from pricing architecture to price variation to pricing adjustment.
How Do You Build a Powerful Pricing Model?
The secret to building a powerful pricing model lies in the answers to three questions.
What Should Your Pricing Architecture Be?
- Base de precificação. Estrutura. Leilão. The pricing basis has three components: dimension, unit quantity, and time (shipping companies might charge by weight, size, or distance while a tutor might charge by the hour, by the session, or per grade improvement).
- Offer Structure. The offer structure reflects the ways different elements of an offer—and different offers in a portfolio—all relate to each other, such as good-better-best, flavor variations, bundles, etc.
- Pricing Mechanism. The pricing mechanism is the framework used to set a price, such as fixed price, negotiated price, market price, bidding, or auction.
Que alavancas de ajuste de preço você deve puxar?
- Programas de clientes. cupons, promoções ou brindes podem desencadear as compras imediatas “aqui e agora”. Value-driven incentives, such as membership programs, loyalty programs, and rebates, can be used to drive buying behavior over a specified period of time.
- Transaction Incentives. Price reductions in the form of coupons, promos, or giveaways can trigger immediate “here and now” purchases.
- Taxas e descontos funcionais. Depois que uma empresa toma decisões de preços, seus líderes precisam decidir o que fará com que esse preço varie com o tempo, por local, por loja, pelo cliente ou outros fatores. As três principais fontes de informações seguintes da variação de preços de condução: Mechanisms such as delivery fees or subscribe-and-save discounts can be used to bring prices and costs into alignment.
What Should Drive Your Price Variation?
- Custos. Mais importante do que o que os concorrentes oferecem. Costs are the traditional driver of pricing decisions because companies need to ensure a minimum level of profitability in order to be viable.
- Value. Value drivers are the next common source of variation for pricing decisions, and their importance increases when an offer is so differentiated that who benefits from it is more important than what competitors offer.
- Ações dos concorrentes. Os concorrentes preços alternativas comparáveis. O preço precisa estar acima do custo de produção, abaixo do valor que os clientes recebem e na faixa de preços dos concorrentes. Competitors’ offers and their comparable prices are the last fundamental drivers of price variations.
What Major Factors Can Affect Pricing Decisions?
All pricing decisions are based on three fundamental inputs: the cost of production of the product or service, the value that customers get from it, and how competitors price comparable alternatives. The price needs to be above the production cost, below the value customers receive, and in range of competitors’ prices.
Custo, valor e concorrentes nunca são constantes. Eles variam dependendo de onde o produto é vendido, quando estiver sendo vendido (com base na estação, mês ou até hora do dia) e flutuações nas necessidades dos clientes, disposição de pagar, escassez e assim por diante. Compreender os efeitos combinados dessas variações e como tirar proveito delas é a essência da estratégia de preços. Essa estrutura oferece respostas orientadas a dados para perguntas sobre decisões de preços, como “O que acontece se elevarmos ou reduzirmos os preços em 5%?”
What Is Price Elasticity?
Price elasticity measures how the demand for a product or service will vary in response to a change in its price. This framework offers data-driven answers to questions about pricing decisions, such as “What happens if we raise or lower prices by 5%?”
Price elasticity addresses cost and value, as cost and willingness to pay are the two inputs necessary to calculate an optimal price based on elasticity.
What Is Game Theory?
Game theory is a framework for analyzing strategic interactions, where the outcome for each company depends on the action of its competitors. When a company’s prices depend on the pricing decisions of a few individual competitors whose offerings all have very similar value, a company only needs costs and competitor price information to define optimal prices that maintain a market equilibrium.
A estrutura da teoria dos jogos permite que os líderes tomem decisões de preços mais bem informadas, ajudando-os a entender os efeitos que seus movimentos terão nos concorrentes e em sua própria empresa. Os estudos científicos comportamentais destacam vários vieses que os humanos têm ao tomar decisões de compra que transcendem a racionalidade numérica da economia pura. Estratégia?
How Does Behavioral Science Impact Pricing Strategy?
Pricing strategies based in behavioral science analyze the ways customers choose from among either a company's various offers or its competitors’ offers. Behavioral science studies highlight numerous biases humans have when making buying decisions that transcend the numerical rationality of pure economics.
A pricing strategy based on behavioral science is especially helpful for companies that leverage available data on customers—their demographics, behavior, and needs—to create personalized offers with segment-specific pricing.
How Do Supply and Demand Impact Pricing Strategy?
A curva de fornecimento de um mercado é baseada nos custos, capacidades e preços de todos os concorrentes. A curva de demanda é uma função da disposição agregada de clientes individuais de pagar ou do valor que esses clientes derivam. A curva de demanda se inclina para baixo, porque uma determinada oferta se torna menos atraente à medida que seu preço aumenta e vice -versa. Ao mesmo tempo, a curva de oferta se inclina para cima, indicando que a produção se torna mais atraente para mais concorrentes à medida que os preços aumentam e vice-versa. Estes
The supply and demand framework addresses all three sources of information (cost, competition, and value) and is built on the idea that market equilibrium pricing exists at the point where a demand curve and supply curve intersect. The demand curve slopes downward because a given offer becomes less attractive as its price rises, and vice versa. At the same time, the supply curve slopes upward, indicating that production becomes more attractive to more competitors as prices rise, and vice versa.
Sophisticated algorithms and robust data—often AI-driven—make it possible to disaggregate demand down to individuals at a specific moment. These Tecnologias emergentes estão tornando obsoletas que as empresas agora podem tomar decisões de preços em um nível individual.
Como você identifica sua abordagem de precificação? Decidir qual dos sete jogos que você joga é uma parte essencial da criação de sua estratégia de preços:
We have defined the following seven approaches to pricing—what we call “pricing games”—that are essential to any pricing strategy. Deciding which of the seven games you play is one essential part of creating your pricing strategy:
- Valor. clientes. Companies can play this game when they offer breakthrough or highly differentiated products, such as high-tech goods, luxury goods, or pharmaceuticals.
- Uniform. Played by retailers and a number of consumer goods companies, the uniform game offers one transparent price to all customers.
- Custo. Muitos industriais e distribuidores jogam neste jogo. CLIENTES. This game is common in markets with a high proportion of variable costs and several small suppliers competing for the business of very large customers. Many industrials and distributors play in this game.
- Power. The power game is common in markets where a small number of sellers with highly standardized offerings negotiate with a small number of customers, such as the hard disk drive market.
- Custom. This game often involves B2B industries with a handful of suppliers selling to hundreds or thousands of customers.
- Choice. As empresas de software são exemplos comuns de jogadores de jogos de escolha, mas empresas em diversos setores, como serviço rápido e restaurantes especializados, também jogam este jogo com sucesso. Livro In this game, companies shape customer behavior with segmented offers. Software companies are common examples of choice game players, but companies in diverse sectors such as quick service and specialty restaurants also play this game successfully.
- Dynamic. Airlines were the first to price dynamically, but this approach has spread to hotels, sports teams, e-commerce retail, and many more sectors.
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