nunca houve um momento melhor para ser um consumidor de viagens, à medida que novas marcas e ofertas inovadoras continuam a surgir o tempo todo. Mas também nunca houve um momento mais difícil de ser um executivo de viagens - especialmente em empresas em exercício. Essas novas ofertas? Eles vêm de onda após onda de novos participantes perturbadores. No ambiente de hoje, a abordagem tradicional para entender os consumidores - que se concentra principalmente em dados demográficos e comportamentos básicos - não oferece mais tempo o nível de insight que as empresas precisam. Em vez disso, as empresas precisam entender quais são os fatores subjacentes que influenciam uma decisão de compra e como essa decisão pode mudar, dependendo do contexto de um consumidor no momento da compra e da gama de opções disponíveis. Por fim, as empresas estarão em uma posição melhor para crescer se pensarem menos no que estão tentando vender e mais sobre o que os clientes desejam comprar.
Nos últimos anos, empresas em várias outras indústrias - principalmente Identificando as fontes de demanda para o crescimento de combustível= -Aplicaram essa abordagem, que chamamos Crescimento centrado na demanda (DCG). Cada vez mais, Empresas de viagens e turismo estão usando o DCG para quebrar o código de um mercado mais dinâmico, caracterizado por uma opção de consumidor bastante expandida. O conceito tem amplas implicações para novos produtos e marcas, programas de fidelidade, fusões e aquisições e outras áreas -chave da estratégia da empresa. Para empresas de viagens e turismo em exercício, oferece uma maneira clara de abordar um mercado difícil que está mudando mais rápido do que eles. A oferta explodiu, devido ao crescimento entre empresas em exercício e participantes recentes que oferecem um conjunto mais amplo de opções - algumas inteiramente novas para o setor. Na indústria de cruzeiros, a oferta ultrapassará a demanda nos próximos anos. Na indústria de hospedagem, o Airbnb e outros participantes da economia compartilhada mudaram as regras do jogo, colocando apartamentos e casas particulares no mercado, reduzindo assim a demanda por quartos de hotel. Eles tentaram várias estratégias, com pouco sucesso até agora. Aqui estão alguns exemplos comuns:
Traditional Solutions No Longer Work
By most metrics, the travel industry is thriving overall and continues to grow, but the news is not all good. Supply has exploded, due to growth among incumbent companies and recent entrants that offer a wider set of options—some entirely new to the industry. In the cruise industry, supply will outpace demand within the next several years. In the lodging industry, Airbnb and other shared-economy entrants have changed the rules of the game by putting private apartments and homes on the market, thereby reducing the demand for hotel rooms.
Established companies in all travel and tourism segments—airlines, cruise lines, and hotels—are struggling to tap into new growth or wrest market share away from competitors. They have tried various strategies, with little success so far. Here are some common examples:
- Escolhendo a quantidade em detrimento da qualidade. Concorrência - dão a si mesmos uma alta parte da reserva de clientes não porque os clientes os preferem, mas porque os clientes não têm escolha. É apenas uma questão de tempo até que os regulamentos evoluam e a oferta aumente novamente para atender à crescente demanda. Pense em um resort que ofereça aos hóspedes uma cena de festa, mas também divide férias favoráveis à família. É difícil satisfazer toda a gama de preferências do consumidor, especialmente as conflitantes. As empresas que tentaram fazer isso acabam não sendo capazes de manter nenhuma conexão emocional clara com os consumidores. As guerras de preços geralmente resultam em resultados de perda de perda-confiando clientes e dissolvendo qualquer lealdade nascente da marca quando as marcas inevitavelmente tentam se recuperar aumentando os preços. (Veja a Figura 1.) Freqüentemente, os clientes têm mais opções do que as empresas pensam. Por exemplo, o Shuttle Delta que conecta Nova York, Boston, Washington e Chicago compete não apenas com outras companhias aéreas, mas também com a Amtrak. As companhias aéreas na Ásia e na Europa competem com linhas ferroviárias de alta velocidade. As linhas de cruzeiro competem entre si e também com férias terrestres. Uma empresa hoteleira não pode mais se concentrar exclusivamente em outros hotéis como concorrência; Ele também deve considerar as casas arrendadas como possíveis rivais. Evidentemente, os quadros tradicionais de referência em viagens e turismo estão quebrados. de uma maneira fundamentalmente nova. Especificamente, eles precisam entender como a demanda pode combinar o crescimento, seja participando da participação de mercado dos concorrentes ou desbloqueando novas fontes de receita. O DCG estabelece essa consideração mais ampla, examinando as opções através da lente da demanda versus a oferta. Leva em consideração o conjunto de necessidades subjacentes ao consumidor que as empresas podem ou não estar atendidas, apesar das escolhas que os consumidores fazem em resposta à oferta disponível. Em um mundo com restrição de suprimentos, por exemplo, os viajantes que voam de uma cidade hub normalmente se voltam para a companhia aérea dominante-não porque desejam, mas porque os cronogramas e conexões de voo mais convenientes da companhia aérea os forçam efetivamente. Por fim, o DCG aprecia que as necessidades e interesses dos consumidores não são estáticos e analisa as circunstâncias únicas que podem levar os viajantes a tomar decisões diferentes ao planejar viagens diferentes. Some companies have put near-term growth ahead of all other objectives, to the point where they can’t deliver a consistent experience.
- Overrelying on Unsustainable Advantages. Other companies have attempted to aggressively control supply—as when some airlines hold gate slots at airports in order to limit competition—giving themselves a high share of booking customers not because the customers prefer them but because the customers have no choice. It’s only a matter of time before regulations evolve and supply again increases to meet growing demand.
- Stretching the Brand Too Far. Still other companies try to be all things to all consumers—and end up being nothing to anyone because they lack a clear and differentiated position in the market. Think of a resort that offers guests a party scene but also touts family-friendly vacations. It’s hard to satisfy the full range of consumer preferences, especially conflicting ones. Companies that have tried to do so end up not being able to maintain any clear emotional connections to consumers.
- Joining the Race to the Bottom. It’s tempting to gain share by offering price discounts, but that game is expensive and difficult, and it is rarely sustainable. Price wars usually result in lose-lose outcomes—confusing customers and dissolving any nascent brand loyalty when brands inevitably try to recover by raising prices.
The common flaw in these strategies is that they lack a deep understanding of what consumers want, how their needs may vary from one occasion to another, and where they may look to meet their needs. (See Exhibit 1.) Often, customers have more options than companies think. For example, the Delta Shuttle connecting New York, Boston, Washington, and Chicago competes not just with other airlines but also with Amtrak. Airlines in Asia and Europe compete with high-speed rail lines. Cruise lines compete with each other and also with land-based vacations. A hotel company can no longer afford to focus exclusively on other hotels as its competition; it must also consider owner-rented homes as potential rivals. Evidently, the traditional frames of reference in travel and tourism are broken.
Clear Advantages from a New Approach: DCG
To understand how consumers make choices on the basis of their real-world frame of reference, companies need to look at customer behavior in a fundamentally new way. Specifically, they need to understand how demand can fuel growth, either by taking market share from competitors or by unlocking new sources of revenue. DCG establishes this broader consideration set by examining choices through the lens of demand versus supply. It takes into account the set of underlying consumer needs that companies may or may not be meeting despite the choices consumers make in response to available supply. In a supply-constrained world, for example, travelers flying from a hub city typically turn to the dominant airline—not because they want to, but because the airline’s more convenient flight schedules and connections effectively force them to. Finally, DCG appreciates that consumers’ needs and interests are not static, and it analyzes the unique circumstances that may drive travelers to make different decisions when planning different trips.
A abordagem DCG possui várias qualidades que as empresas de viagens e turismo acharão vantajoso:
- During. Às vezes, pode iluminar fatores que mesmo os próprios consumidores não podem articular. O resultado é uma abordagem muito mais sustentável para o crescimento - uma que se baseia em uma visão simples, mas abrangente da demanda. Unlike demographic-based marketing, DCG helps companies understand how and why individual consumers make their choices about travel, leading to a far more accurate and enduring picture of the market. At times, it can illuminate factors that even consumers themselves can’t articulate. The result is a much more sustainable approach to growth—one that is built on a simple yet comprehensive view of demand.
- Holistic. O DCG analisa a demanda holisticamente, considerando os clientes existentes e em potencial e os concorrentes tradicionais e disruptivos. Isso incentiva as empresas a conceber uma estratégia de crescimento prospectiva, fundamentada não apenas no que é, mas no que poderia ou deveria ser, esclarecendo as oportunidades perdidas e os possíveis espaços brancos no mercado. Além disso, substituindo uma perspectiva tradicional de mercado baseada na marca por uma abordagem externa, o DCG fornece uma visão objetiva centrada no cliente de onde uma empresa está em relação aos seus concorrentes. Somente através dessa lente as empresas podem entender sua parcela potencial da carteira de um consumidor e começar a moldar uma estratégia vencedora e centrada no cliente. (Veja a barra lateral "A nova marca de hotéis da IHG atende a uma necessidade não atendida entre os viajantes preocupados com o orçamento".) Descrevendo a oportunidade em termos de números reais, o DCG traz ciência para a arte. Viajantes conscientes do orçamento
- Quantifiable. DCG helps companies quantify the opportunities that potential initiatives present, by assessing latent demand and competitive intensity. Only through this lens can companies understand their potential share of a consumer’s wallet and begin to shape a winning, customer-centric strategy. (See the sidebar “IHG’s New Hotel Brand Addresses an Unmet Need Among Budget-Conscious Travelers.”) By describing the opportunity in terms of actual numbers, DCG brings science to the art.
IHG’s New Hotel Brand Addresses an Unmet Need Among Budget-Conscious Travelers
IHG’s New Hotel Brand Addresses an Unmet Need Among Budget-Conscious Travelers
IHG, a empresa controladora de marcas de hotéis como Hotels & Resorts Intercontinental, Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts e Holiday Inn Express, estava procurando um novo crescimento em um portfólio que já era forte. A gerência estava preocupada em estar totalmente saturado nos maiores mercados da empresa. Ele usou um crescimento centrado na demanda para identificar uma clara necessidade não atendida entre os clientes do hotel: uma oferta em massa que proporcionava qualidade confiável na forma de uma ótima noite de sono em uma sala limpa e bem projetada a um preço justo. (As alternativas atuais no mercado estavam a um preço mais alto do que os consumidores desejavam para esse tipo de viagem ou muito não confiáveis em termos de qualidade e consistência.)
IHG repositioned its existing brands and offerings to minimize overlap, and then invested in the new hotel brand, which it called avid hotels. Key features include: rooms designed for sound sleep, featuring a “best in class” mattress and sleep experience; high-quality, complimentary grab-and-go breakfast with 24/7 bean-to-cup coffee; and public spaces with fresh, modern designs. This brand is designed for travelers who want a hotel stay that finally meets their expectations for the type of hospitality they value most—the basics done exceptionally well—at a per-night rate expected to be about $10 to $15 less than IHG’s industry-leading Holiday Inn Express brand.
IHG launched the new avid hotels brand in September 2017, less than a year after the start of brand development—an accelerated pace in the hotel industry. Today, there are over 170 executed licenses with franchisees to build and open hotels across the US, Canada, and Mexico, and IHG recently announced plans to expand to Germany. Credit Suisse described avid hotels as the “most significant addition to IHG’s brand stable in over 25 years” and upgraded the stock to “outperform” as a result.
- Foundational. Establishing a baseline understanding of demand gives companies a north star and a common language to use in aligning the entire organization. It is not just a consumer strategy but a company strategy. After assessing the demand landscape and analyzing sales volume and brand fit, management might decide to launch a new route or a new service offering, acquire a competitor that has a stronger position relative to that target, or shift investment to areas where a brand may be vulnerable to attack. (See Exhibit 2.) Every touch point in the customer journey should reinforce the brand’s positioning. And the company should align every one of its internal aspects and functions—from pricing to sales and marketing to capacity planning to organizational structure—to execute the strategy successfully.
- Transformational. Como resultado, eles podem determinar qual é a estratégia certa de fusões e aquisições, lançar uma nova marca ou como projetar seu programa de fidelidade. (Veja a barra lateral “Alaska Airlines integra uma fusão centrada no cliente.”) Finally, DCG helps companies assemble portfolios of complementary brands. As a result, they can determine what the right M&A strategy is, whether to launch a new brand, or how to design their loyalty program. (See the sidebar “Alaska Airlines Integrates a Customer-Centric Merger.”)
Alaska Airlines integra uma fusão centrada no cliente
Alaska Airlines Integrates a Customer-Centric Merger
After Alaska Airlines’ parent company bought Virgin America in 2016, it faced some key questions about the postmerger organization. Should it keep Virgin’s brand (licensed from Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group) or operate under the 85-year-old Alaska Airlines brand? Should it strive to become a nationally relevant brand or stay focused on the West Coast, where Alaska and Virgin America were both well known? And how should it position the brand vis-à-vis the competition? The stakes were high: the $2.6 billion Virgin America acquisition was costly in relation to Alaska Air Group’s market cap of about $10 billion. As a company that has always centered around the customer, Alaska knew that it couldn’t make these decisions in the boardroom alone. Management needed to understand its customers.
The Alaska management team used demand-centric growth to identify several key insights. First, a deep customer analysis showed that Alaska had industry-leading customer retention and loyalty once customers got to know the brand, whereas Virgin America was stronger in customer acquisition but somewhat less sustainable long-term. (Virgin America did appeal strongly to some customers, but they were a relatively narrow segment overall.) That led Alaska to announce that the Virgin America brand would be phased out over time; the distinctive red and white aircraft would eventually all display Alaska’s smiling Eskimo. In terms of the route network, Alaska had very strong brand affinity among West Coast travelers, and its customers cared deeply about route coverage in those markets. Armed with these insights, the company ran some economic simulations that pointed to a clear answer: focus on the West Coast.
Second, the company looked at the landscape of demand and implemented a new customer strategy centered on the concepts “feel good” and “refreshed”—a differentiating positioning that leverages the strength of both the Alaska Airlines and the Virgin America brands while balancing what existing customers already love with areas for potential innovation.
To activate this strategy, after conducting a robust conjoint analysis with target customers, the company rolled out a campaign with the slogan “Different Works” and reprioritized investments into experiential aspects that airline customers truly care about: feeling good and refreshed. Elements of the campaign included everything from new loyalty policies to bolder entertainment investments to music in airport ticketing and check-in areas. The company also empowered employees to ensure that customer interactions were positive, caring, and true to Alaska’s core.
In 2018 Alaska Airlines—the only legacy US carrier to have avoided bankruptcy throughout its 85-year history—ranked highest in the J.D. Power survey of customer satisfaction among traditional carriers for the 11th consecutive year.
It can also give companies critical guidance on the optimal way to enter a new market. The approach goes beyond assessing the performance of individual brands to show how a portfolio fits together. When brands within a portfolio lack differentiation from one another, parent companies risk confusing customers and cannibalizing sales. (See Exhibit 3.) At the same time, portfolio companies often miss out on clearly identifiable white-space opportunities. Brands compete internally for resources, too, and misaligned incentives often exacerbate disputes. A demand-centric growth approach sets up brands to compete together, rather than against each other.
The travel and tourism industry is ripe for customer-focused innovation—and so far, new entrants are getting there faster. As choices proliferate and consumer behavior becomes more complex, traditional demographic-based marketing will no longer suffice. Incumbent companies can continue to focus on price or supply, and suffer disruption from new entrants, or they can start taking steps to become more customer-centric, starting with developing a better understanding of what truly drives their customers’ decisions. Demand-centric growth provides a foundation for that understanding by clarifying what consumers want at the moment of purchase—and why.