Não há como negar que o progresso na inclusão financeira tenha sido feito nas últimas duas décadas. E hoje, hoje, cerca de 25% da população adulta do mundo permanece sem banco, de acordo com o Banco Mundial. Outros 50% são “mal divulgados”, o que significa que eles não têm acesso ao crédito e confiam fortemente em dinheiro. Aqueles que desenvolvem estratégias inteligentes para expandir a inclusão financeira podem alcançar novos clientes e expandir sua participação de mercado. Em nosso trabalho com bancos, provedores de pagamentos e outros players financeiros, expandir o acesso financeiro e o aumento do uso responsável fortaleceu os resultados financeiros - expandindo a base de depósitos e aumentando o uso de ofertas adicionais, entre outros benefícios.
These stubbornly high figures represent both a major societal challenge and a compelling opportunity for financial players. Those that develop smart strategies for expanding financial inclusion stand to reach new customers and expand their market share. In our work with banks, payment providers, and other financial players, expanding financial access and increasing responsible usage has strengthened financial results—expanding the deposit base and increasing the use of additional offerings, among other benefits.
A verdadeira questão é como aproveitar esta oportunidade. Várias áreas prioritárias surgiram nos últimos anos - áreas em que as ações podem ajudar a expandir a inclusão financeira e aprimorar a criação de valor para players financeiros:
- A jornada financeira. Novas maneiras de avaliar a credibilidade são críticas. With the right support, people new to the financial system can move from being underbanked to a position of financial health.
- Credit Assessment. New ways to evaluate creditworthiness are critical.
- Infraestrutura. A infraestrutura física e técnica são poderosos facilitadores de progresso.
- Trust. Em muitos esforços bem -sucedidos, alavancar novas tecnologias poderosas e abordagens inovadoras fortalecidas por um caso de negócios claro resultou em resultados poderosos e escaláveis. Tais conversas perdem o fato de que a verdadeira mágica acontece quando as pessoas passam do acesso à saúde financeira. O estudo, apoiado pelo BCG, incluiu uma análise de três anos de dados transacionais e comportamentais agregados e pseudonimizados de mais de 3,6 milhões de clientes Nubank. Entre as descobertas: Enhancing faith and confidence in the financial system matters.
Players across the financial ecosystem—including banks, fintechs, payment providers, governments, and NGOs—can take action in each of these areas. In many successful efforts, leveraging powerful new technologies and innovative approaches strengthened by a clear business case resulted in powerful and scalable results.
The Financial Journey
Financial inclusion is often discussed mostly in terms of giving people access to financial accounts and services. Such conversations miss the fact that the real magic happens when people move from access toward financial health.
A recent study took a closer look at this challenge in the Brazilian market served by the neobank Nubank and global payments services company Mastercard. The study, supported by BCG, included an analysis of three years of aggregated and pseudonymized transactional and behavioral data from over 3.6 million Nubank customers. Among the findings:
- A jornada para a saúde financeira é não linear e complexa, com várias facetas e estágios, exigindo vários produtos ao longo do tempo. integrado às transações.
- Frequent, consistent, and responsible usage of financial products—for example, daily transactions rather than large one-time purchases—is highly correlated to progress along the journey.
- Financial education is helpful in driving responsible usage and financial health, particularly when it is integrated into transactions.
- Expanding acceptance of prepaid cards and other instruments among micro- and small businesses not only helps bring those business owners into the digital economy but also supports the use of Serviços financeiros Entre os consumidores. exclua certos grupos demográficos, como indivíduos com históricos de crédito limitados ou imigrantes sem documentos. Isso pode perpetuar a exclusão financeira. Mas eles podem adotar práticas de subscrição mais inclusivas. A colaboração por instituições governamentais e financeiras para impulsionar as políticas e capacidades bancárias abertas, em que as informações financeiras do consumidor são compartilhadas com segurança entre bancos e outros provedores financeiros, podem ajudar a fornecer os dados necessários sob tais processos alternativos de avaliação de crédito. A operação comercial de microlição do Grameen Bank, que usa um modelo de empréstimo em grupo para fornecer capital a mulheres de baixa renda com históricos de crédito ou não de crédito, possui uma baixa taxa de empréstimo sem desempenho. Um estudo randomizado e controlado do impacto do programa Grameen nas mulheres empresárias nos EUA no final de 2010 descobriu que reduzia a probabilidade de dificuldades materiais (como não poder pagar pagamentos de hipotecas ou utilidades) e o aumento de recursos de negócios e dos negócios e os recursos de negócios e os recursos de negócios e os recursos de rendição de negócios e os recursos de negócios e os recursos de negócios também podem render e render os benefícios dos negócios. governos.
The study also found that supporting consumers along their journey can yield robust business returns: customers who moved from access to usage of financial services had a roughly three-times average increase in the gross dollar volume of their transactions, regardless of their income level.
Credit Assessment
The traditional underwriting methods and standards used by financial institutions to assess creditworthiness can inadvertently exclude certain demographic groups, such as individuals with limited credit histories or undocumented immigrants. This can perpetuate financial exclusion.
Certainly, financial institutions cannot expand access to financial services in a way that increases the risk of losses down the road. But they can adopt more inclusive underwriting practices.
For example, newer technologies can draw on alternative data points like rent payments, utility bills, or consistent income to evaluate creditworthiness more holistically. Collaboration by government and financial institutions to drive open banking policies and capabilities, wherein consumer financial information is securely shared among banks and other financial providers, can help provide the data needed under such alternative credit-evaluation processes.
Financial players, meanwhile, have developed approaches that support borrowers in ways that reduce default risk. Grameen Bank’s microlending business operation, which uses a group-lending model to provide capital to low-income women with poor or no credit histories, has a low nonperforming loan rate. A randomized, controlled study of the Grameen program’s impact on women entrepreneurs in the US in the late 2010s found that it reduced the likelihood of material hardship (such as not being able to pay mortgage or utility payments) and increased monthly business earnings.
Ultimately, lending to small businesses can also yield significant downstream benefits—including job creation, economic growth, and expanded tax revenues for governments.
Infraestrutura
Mobile-phone infrastructure was the foundation for the rapid expansion of M-Pesa in Kenya back in the late 2000s. That success story underscores the critical role infrastructure plays in expanding financial inclusion.
There are broadly two types of infrastructure required to bring people into the financial system. The first is the physical infrastructure—including roads, transit and postal systems, mobile phone towers, and internet access—that influences a citizen’s ability to access services. The second type is technical infrastructure, comprised of the networks and technologies—including payment rails, network security, and credit bureaus—that enable the provision and exchange of financial products and services.
The Indian government has pushed to enhance the country’s technical infrastructure in recent years, issuing a 12-digit unique identification number to 1.3 billion people and supporting the development of an interoperable mobile-first payment system. Such actions have laid a strong foundation for what is now a booming fintech sector.
Trust
Financial institutions have typically been viewed as less trustworthy than other industries, according to Pesquisa BCG . E a confiança é frequentemente citada como uma razão para que as pessoas sejam sem banco e insuficiente, pois os indivíduos podem ter preocupações sobre se os bancos protegerão seus ativos e os cobrarão de maneira justa. Essa falta de confiança pode levar os consumidores não bancários a fazer negócios com credores informais, mesmo que as taxas e os custos de transação sejam altos. Confiança
Trust
é uma função de quatro fatores:
- Competência (uma capacidade de cumprir as promessas aos clientes)
- Fairness (fair treatment of customers in process and results)
- Transparency (being open with customers and providing them with true, reliable, and unambiguous information)
- Resilience (the capacity to avoid or recover from challenges and crises)
Proteção robusta de fraude e segurança cibernética podem ajudar aqui, é claro. Mas os participantes financeiros também podem aproveitar novas tecnologias para fortalecer a confiança com clientes que estão apenas entrando no sistema financeiro. O forte atendimento ao cliente para criar relacionamentos positivos, proporcionando benefícios proativamente aos clientes que estão usando crédito com responsabilidade e criando jogos que incentivam o comportamento financeiro responsável também pode ser ferramentas poderosas nessa área. O sistema financeiro é um ecossistema, com ações importantes exigidas de todos os jogadores:
Paving the Way for Financial Inclusion
The insights outlined above point the way toward successful strategies for expanding financial inclusion. The financial system is an ecosystem, with important actions required of all players:
- Bancos can develop innovative products that encourage responsible usage at point of transaction and be creative in terms of credit risk assessment and leveraging alternative data.
- Payment providers can partner with banks and fintechs to build creative products that encourage financial inclusion in a cost-efficient way. These players can also lead the way in aggregating and analyzing data.
- Governos can set policies that encourage healthy financial behavior among consumers, support efforts to aggregate and share data, and work with banks and payments providers to find ways to expand access.
- NGOs can reduce financial risk for other players—for example, by providing financial literacy education—and conduct research into the impact of expanding inclusion and the steps required to bring more people into the financial system.
Technology and new approaches are important levers for expanding financial inclusion. Banks, fintechs, and other players should seize the opportunity to harness these innovations to deliver both social impact and sustainable business value.
