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Como as mulheres podem ajudar a fechar a lacuna de talentos no aeroespacial e na defesa

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O Indústria aeroespacial e de defesa está no meio de uma grande expansão, mas o talento é um fator limitante. A atual força de trabalho de A&D está envelhecendo e muitos OEMs estão lutando para preencher os papéis -chave - um desafio que só ficará mais difícil à medida que a demanda aumenta. Uma solução é fazer um trabalho melhor de recrutar e reter mulheres. As mulheres ocupam as principais posições em muitas empresas líderes de A&D, mas historicamente foram sub -representadas na força de trabalho mais ampla de A&D. As fontes tradicionais de talento do setor (programas de engenharia) e seus principais clientes (departamentos de defesa) são principalmente do sexo masculino e são há décadas.

A pesquisa da BCG sobre diversidade de gênero produziu várias descobertas diretamente relevantes para a indústria de A&D. Primeiro, as empresas que são mais diversas - principalmente no nível sênior - são mais inovadoras. (Ver " Como diversas equipes de liderança aumentam a inovação , ”Artigo do BCG, janeiro de 2018.) Segundo, muitas empresas tendem a jogar dinheiro em iniciativas de diversidade de gênero com base no que elas pense will work, rather than on a clear understanding of what the most effective measures actually are. (See Aproveitando o máximo em seus dólares de diversidade , Relatório do BCG, junho de 2017.) Essa é uma abordagem que nenhum setor-particularmente uma disciplina baseada em engenharia como A&D-deve se aplicar a um problema estratégico. Essas medidas não são exclusivas de A&D; O BCG descobriu que muitas das mesmas soluções se aplicam em geral em geral as empresas de bens industriais. Mas, dadas suas necessidades de talento premente, a indústria de A&D precisa tomar uma ação mais rápida e decisiva. Nossa pesquisa indica que as soluções incluem várias medidas de apostas de tabela, como intervenções estruturais, modelos visíveis e a garantia de uma experiência de trabalho diária livre de viés. Eles também incluem “jóias escondidas” - medidas que os homens normalmente subestimam, mas que são altamente eficazes.

Instead, A&D leadership teams need to look at the data and invest in the measures that will lead to the biggest payoff. Those measures are not unique to A&D; BCG has found that many of the same solutions apply across industrial goods companies overall. But given its pressing talent needs, the A&D industry needs to take more rapid and decisive action. Our research indicates that the solutions include several table stakes measures such as structural interventions, visible role models, and the guarantee of a bias-free daily work experience. They also include “hidden gems”—measures that men typically undervalue but that are highly effective.

Uma onda de crescimento iminente

The A&D industry is a critical part of the US economy in terms of employment and contribution to GDP. (The industry includes airframe, space, and defense OEMs and suppliers, but not airlines or operators.) Overall, the industry represented 2.4 million jobs, $865 billion in sales, and $143 billion in exports as of 2017.

Those numbers are likely to keep growing, given that the industry is enjoying a period of unprecedented expansion. On the defense side, the US Department of Defense budget is projected to increase from $660 billion in 2017 to $790 billion in 2023. On the commercial aerospace side, OEMs are benefiting from growing global demand for air travel (rising at a compound annual rate of nearly 4%, which will lead to a doubling of overall demand between 2017 and 2036). The result is an unprecedented “supercycle” of rising demand for airframes that is projected to continue for at least five more years.

The industry’s growth is increasing the need for talent throughout the value chain. OEMs, suppliers, maintainers, and other entities will all have to expand their workforce to meet this demand. Factor in the aging workforce at many A&D companies—where 50% of employees are over the age of 50—and the demand for talent is virtually unprecedented. Already, A&D companies face a maintenance labor shortage; in the US, a 9% gap between supply and demand for aviation mechanics is predicted by 2027. Other companies face a significant leadership dip among employees aged 40 to 50. And many of the most qualified potential job candidates—those with advanced degrees in engineering or related fields—are shunning traditional A&D companies, opting instead to work in Silicon Valley.

Diversity at the Top but Inadequate Overall

Por algumas medidas, a indústria de A&D está à frente de outras em termos de mulheres em posições de liderança. Muitas das maiores e mais conhecidas OEMs e unidades de negócios são lideradas por mulheres:

Overall, one-quarter of executive-level positions at A&D companies were held by women in 2018, a much higher share than at most technology-heavy companies and roughly in line with the 22% share of women in the overall A&D workforce. That’s a clear contrast with many other industries, where the share of women decreases—often dramatically—with rising seniority.

Still, in absolute terms, a quarter share in the workforce and in the executive suite is far too small. In addition, many women in A&D work in support functions such as HR, legal, finance, and marketing, rather than in operational roles. For example, only about 15% of A&D engineers are women. These numbers have been relatively unchanged for the past two decades, despite the number of high-profile women now leading OEMs. As long as women are underrepresented in critical operational and engineering roles, the industry will be hard-pressed to meet its talent needs.

A indústria de A&D também enfrenta um desafio único: programas de engenharia e departamentos de defesa, suas principais fontes, respectivamente, de talento e clientes são principalmente do sexo masculino. Apenas cerca de 20% dos graduados em engenharia são mulheres. No Departamento de Defesa dos EUA, as mulheres representam apenas 34% da força de trabalho civil, em comparação com 48% dos trabalhadores dos EUA em geral. Como resultado, as empresas de A&D não podem procurar seus clientes em busca de fontes de talento feminino ou um plano de mudança. Em uma pesquisa recente do BCG, 38% das mulheres de todas as indústrias disseram que o recrutamento era um obstáculo importante para elas, em comparação com 47% das mulheres em empresas de IG (incluindo A&D). O mesmo diferencial aparece em avanço e retenção - 48% das mulheres no IG disseram que a retenção é um problema, contra 40% para todo o grupo de entrevistadas. (Veja o Anexo 1.)

To identify solutions, A&D companies should look to the data-based actions adopted by other industrial goods (IG) companies, which face similar challenges. In a recent BCG survey, 38% of women across all industries said that recruiting was a key obstacle for them, compared with 47% of women in IG (including A&D) companies. The same differential shows up in advancement and retention—48% of women in IG said that retention is a problem, versus 40% for the full group of female respondents. (See Exhibit 1.)

More troubling is that 47% of female respondents in IG (including A&D) companies said they have personally experienced discrimination, compared with 38% of women in all industries. Even when such discrimination is not deliberate or overt, male-dominated cultures can produce unfair situations that build up over time and make work feel like a struggle rather than an environment where women can thrive. This is not an easy problem to solve, but it is entirely within a company’s control.

Data-Driven Measures

To be clear, many A&D organizations have already taken steps to bring more women into the workforce and into leadership roles. The problem is that those measures have not yielded results. In our survey, 98% of women at IG companies, including those in A&D, said that their companies have gender diversity programs in place, but only 31% said that they have personally benefited from them.

Rather than choosing interventions on the basis of hunches and gut instinct, companies should identify the measures that are most likely to have the biggest impact. This requires looking at solutions from the perspective of those whom they’re intended to benefit, namely, women themselves.

The steps that A&D companies need to take to improve gender diversity are in line with the measures that most IG companies need to take. We asked both men and women at IG organizations to rank the gender diversity measures that they believe are most effective. Those that both men and women agree on we call table stakes initiatives. Others show a large disparity between genders; we call them hidden gems.

In our survey, only 31% of women at IG companies said they have personally benefited from gender diversity programs.

Medidas de apostas de tabela

Primeiro, as empresas devem estabelecer uma linha de base investindo em iniciativas que homens e mulheres concordam que são eficazes. Para empresas de IG (incluindo empresas A&D), existem três medidas específicas que ambos os grupos classificaram entre as dez primeiras iniciativas de diversidade:

Gems ocultos

Next, organizations should invest in initiatives that men typically undervalue but that women consider effective. Our research highlighted eight such measures. (See Exhibit 2.) Critically, the first five are less expensive and can be implemented rapidly. For A&D companies, these five measures represent the best opportunity to make quick, visible changes that can translate into immediate impact across the organization:

The remaining three hidden gems are formal programs that take longer to implement but are still important for increasing gender diversity:

The future of the A&D industry is extremely bright, with projected growth that most other sectors would covet. But to capture that growth, the industry needs a smarter approach to talent. It does not need to invent solutions but rather to take decisive, rapid action on the solutions that apply across most industrial goods companies. By effectively recruiting, retaining, and promoting women, A&D companies pode se equipar para atender à demanda crescente. Lacy Ketzner

Authors

Managing Director & Partner

Lacy Ketzner

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro
Filadélfia

Diretor Gerente & amp; Parceiro sênior

Matt Aaronson

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior
Chicago

Diretor Gerente & amp; Parceiro sênior; Líder da Prática Regional da América do Norte

Laura Juliano

Diretor Gerente e Parceiro Sênior; Líder de prática regional da América do Norte
Houston

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